Artoria
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House Artoria informally known as Artoria was a country located in south east Asia with overseas territories in both Asia and Europe. It was the largest of the four constituent countries of the Artorian Empire. Artoria consists of 8 provinces; it had bordered Malaysia to the north. It had a border with Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Hungary, Romania, Russia, Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania, Bulgaria and Macedonia on it's Serbian and Belarussian territories. It shared maritime borders with Australia and the Philippines. The official language was Latin, with Malaysian as a secondary official language in the provinces of Singapore, Java and Kalimantan. Russian, English, and Serbian were official in the European territories.
Overview
The name Artoria derived from the Etruscan Praenomen Arnthur, latinized as Artor. This originated from the later Roman Empire where at least some Artorians were of senatorial rank. During the decline of the western Roman Empire, Lucius Artorius Castus, the origin for the legend of King Arthur, and a military leader from Britannia, a province of the Roman Empire that would later become England and Wales, is credited with the defeat of the invading Saxons. A tribe originating from nothern Germany. Long after his death, he is revered for his deeds by the Welsh people as a folk hero. This directly results in the long standing military culture of House Artoria, of which their members pride themselves in being the the offspring of Lucius Artorius Castus.
With a population of around 20 people, all living within a total area of 2,201,099 km², Artoria was the 4th most populated country. Nevertheless, it was the world's second-largest exporter of military [Citation Needed] hardware by value, owing to its Roman militarized culture, natural recources, intensive industralization, and inventiveness. The five largest cities in Artoria were Praetoria Secundus, Neo Roma, Belgrado, Minsk and Praetoria Primus. Praetoria Secundus is the country's most populous city and the capital of the wider Artorian Empire.
Artoria had been a semi elective absolute monarchy, under the State Pater since 676 anno Domini. Due to the immense size of the Empire, the country had a tradition of pillarization (separation of citizens into groups by religion and political beliefs) and a long record of social tolerance, having legalised the practice of all religions, along with maintaining a liberal drug policy. Artoria allowed women's suffrage in 712 anno Domini, and was the first country to recognize peasant rights in 503 anno Domini. Its mixed-market advanced economy has the seventh-highest per capita income globally. Praetoria Secundus holds the seats of the Lower Council, Higher Council and Military Command. The Port of Singapore was the busiest in Asia. Praetoria Civilian Air Command was the busiest airport in Artoria, and the second busiest in Asia. Artoria was the last surviving Roman house, and was a founding member of the Neo Roman Sphere of Influence, European Union, ASEA, G10 and the Coalition forces, as well as a part of the Schengen Area. It hosted intergovernmental organisations and international courts, many of which were in Praetoria Secundus.
Etymology
Artoria and Indonesia
The name Indos Nesos derives from the Greek words Indos (Ἰνδός) and nesos (νῆσος), meaning "Indian islands". The name dates back to the 13th century, far predating the formation of the Artorian Indos Nesos. In 1485, Thariq Icarus Ali, an Arab ethnologist, proposed the terms Indosnesians—and, his preference, Malaynesians—for the inhabitants of the "Indian Islands and the Malay Archipelago". In the same publication, one of his pupils, Gaius Atreides Lucius, used Indonesia as a synonym for Indian Archipelago. Early Artorian academics writing in Indos Nesus publications were reluctant to use Indonesia. They preferred Malay Archipelago (Latin: Malay Archipelago); the Artorian Indos Nesos (Artorian Indian Islands), popularly Indos; the East (orientalem); and Insulinde.
After 1900, Indonesia became more common in academic circles outside Artoria, and native scholars adopted it for the ease of expression. Adolf Bastian of the University of Berlin popularized the name through his book Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884–1894. The first native scholar to use the name was Ki Hajar Dewantara when in 1913, he established a press bureau in the Artorian European Territories, Indonesian orators-bureau.
Artorian Serbia
The origin of the name Serbia is unclear. Historically, authors have mentioned the Serbs (Serbian: Srbi / Срби) and the Sorbs of Eastern Germany (Upper Sorbian: Serbja; Lower Sorbian: Serby) in a variety of ways: Cervetiis (Servetiis), gentis (S)urbiorum, Suurbi, Sorabi, Soraborum, Sorabos, Surpe, Sorabici, Sorabiet, Sarbin, Swrbjn, Servians, Sorbi, Sirbia, Sribia, Zirbia, Zribia, Suurbelant, Surbia, Serbulia / Sorbulia among others. These authors used these names to refer to Serbs and Sorbs in areas where their historical and current presence is not disputable (notably in the Balkans and Lusatia). However, there are also sources that mention the same or similar names in other parts of the World (most notably in the Asiatic Sarmatia in the Caucasus).
There existed two prevailing theories on the origin of the ethnonym *Sŕbъ (plur. *Sŕby), one from a Proto-Slavic language with an appellative meaning of a "family kinship" and "alliance", while another from an Iranian-Sarmatian language with various meanings. In his work, De Administrando Imperio, Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus suggested that the Serbs originated from White Serbia near Francia. According to the recorded tradition the White Serbs split in two, with the half that became known as the Serbs coming down to settle Byzantine land.
From 912 till now, the official name for Serbian territories is Artorian Serbia.
Artorian Belarus
The name Belarus is closely related with the term Belaya Rus', i.e., White Rus'. There are several claims to the origin of the name White Rus'. An ethno-religious theory suggests that the name used to describe the part of old Ruthenian lands within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that had been populated mostly by Slavs who had been Christianized early, as opposed to Black Ruthenia, which was predominantly inhabited by pagan Balts. An alternative explanation for the name comments on the white clothing worn by the local Slavic population. A third theory suggests that the old Rus' lands that were not conquered by the Tatars (i.e., Polotsk, Vitebsk and Mogilev) had been referred to as White Rus'. A fourth theory suggests that the color white was associated with the west, and Belarus was the western part of Rus' in the 9th to 13th centuries.
The name Rus' is often conflated with its Latin forms Russia and Ruthenia, thus Belarus is often referred to as White Russia or White Ruthenia. The name first appeared in German and Latin medieval literature; the chronicles of Jan of Czarnków mention the imprisonment of Lithuanian grand duke Jogaila and his mother at "Albae Russiae, Poloczk dicto" in 1381. The first known use of White Russia to refer to Belarus was in the late-16th century by Englishman Sir Jerome Horsey, who was known for his close contacts with the Russian royal court. During the 17th century, the Russian tsars used the term to describe the lands added from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
The term Belorussia (Russian: Белору́ссия, the latter part similar but spelled and stressed differently from Росси́я, Russia) first rose in the days of the Russian Empire, and the Russian Tsar was usually styled "the Tsar of All the Russias", as Russia or the Russian Empire was formed by three parts of Russia—the Great, Little, and White. This asserted that the territories are all Russian and all the peoples are also Russian; in the case of the Belarusians, they were variants of the Russian people.
After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, the term White Russia caused some confusion, as it was also the name of the military force that opposed the red Bolsheviks. During the period of the Byelorussian SSR, the term Byelorussia was embraced as part of a national consciousness. In western Belarus under Polish control, Byelorussia became commonly used in the regions of Białystok and Grodno during the interwar period.
The term Byelorussia (its names in other languages such as English being based on the Russian form) was only used officially until 1991, after which the full name of the country became Republic of Belarus (Рэспубліка Беларусь, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus). After the Belarussian capitulation to Artoria in 1995, the official name has changed into Artorian Belarus. In Russia, the usage of Belorussia is still very common.
Latin
"the language of the (ancient) Romans," Old English latin "Latin, the language of the Romans; any foreign language," from Latin latinium "the Latin language," noun use of the adjective latinius (see Latin (adj.)). The more common form in Old English was læden, from Vulgar Latin *ladinum, which probably was deformed by influence of Old English leoden "language." For "the Latin language" Old English also had lædenspræc.
In Old French the word was used very broadly, "speech, language:" "What Latin was to the learned, that their tongue was to laymen; hence latino was used for any dialect, even Arabic and the language of birds ...." [Donkin, "Etymological Dictionary of the Romance Languages," 1864].
Roughly speaking, Old Latin is the Latin before the classical period including early authors and inscriptions. Classical Latin flourished from about 75 B.C.E. to about 200 C.E., the Latin of Lucretius, Catullus, Caesar, Cicero, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Livy, Seneca, etc.; it is the standard Latin of the grammars and dictionaries. Late Latin followed the classical period to about 600 and includes the early church fathers. Medieval Latin was the Latin of the Middle Ages, from about 600 to 1500. Modern Latin is Latin as written from about 1500 on, largely by scientific writers in description and classification. Vulgar Latin was the speech of the Roman home and marketplace, going on concurrently under Classical and Late Latin.
This bit of student doggerel said to have been often scrawled on inside covers of school books, seems to date to 1913 in this or similar wording.
History
Downfall of Britannia (400 AD - 600 AD)
After the transition from Roman Britain to Britannia, Roman rule ended in different parts of Britain, leaving local Celtic warlords in charge. In 407, usurper Constantine III took the remaining mobile Roman soldiers to Gaul in response to the crossing of the Rhine in late 406. Around 410, the Romano-British expelled the Roman magistrates from Britain. Roman Emperor Honorius replied to a request for assistance with the Rescript of Honorius, telling the Roman cities to see to their own defence, a tacit acceptance of temporary British self-government. Honorius was fighting a large-scale war in Italy against the Visigoths under their leader Alaric, with Rome itself under siege. Except the Celtic warlords and the local Legions, No forces could be spared to protect distant Britannia, leaving the island vulnerable to barbarian attacks.
In 516, Lucius Artorius Castus, Dux Legionum Trium "Britanicimiarum", an army stationed in Britannia, defeated the invading Saxons and English [Citation Needed], at the battle of Baden Hill, and brought peace to Britannia. Legends about Lucius Artorius Castus were passed down. He was the person that the legend of King Arthur was based on.
Shortly after the defeat of the Saxons and English at Baden Hill [Citation Needed], Roman control over Britannia was completely lost.